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Britain claimed the Islands of The Bahamas in 1670, after
British colonists left Bermuda for the island of Eleuthera,
where they sought religious independence. More followed, and
other ports and colonies gradually developed, bringing in
their wake an army of pirates and privateers. Grand Bahama
was probably well known to famous pirates like Blackbeard,
Captain Kidd, and Henry Morgan, as its reefs would have been
perfect for running aground vessels, a common pirate tactic.
By 1720, the crown had successfully established control over
the pirates, and the island probably saw a lot less visitors
than it had during "the Golden Age of Piracy." The sleepy
colony lay largely undisturbed for another 200 years, when
history finally caught up with it again
Up until
the mid-nineteenth century, Grand Bahama Island had largely
been left alone by the outside world. There were plenty of
sails on the horizon as ships came and went through the Caribbean,
but more often than not they passed by. Records from 1836
show that the population of West End numbered only about 370,
many of whom abandoned the island for the greater opportunities
in Nassau. In 1861, however, the flow of people reversed direction,
and population of the town virtually doubled overnight. The
reason was the American Civil War.
At the
outbreak of the war, The Confederacy of Southern States, a
mere 55 miles away, immediately fell under a strict Union
blockade and embargo. Getting goods such as sugar, cotton,
and weapons in and out of the Confederacy was essential to
the war effort, and smugglers operating out of West End were
able to command hefty prices from the South. As soon as the
war ended, however, so did the boom, but the short burst of
prosperity set an important precedent: from then on, the history
of Grand Bahama Island was intimately tied to that of the
United States.
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